Средневековый номинализм и генезис новоевропейского сознания
Вопросы философии
№ 2
2014 г.
с. 155-163
В статье автор показывает, что и в теологии, и в философии номинализм кладет начало развившейся в Новое время тенденции, которую можно назвать волюнтативной, поскольку она подчеркивает приоритет воли перед разумом, веры перед знанием. Номинализм осуществил едва ли не самый радикальный поворот в истории мысли со времен античной классики, разрушив фундаментальные предпосылки метафизики бытия, просуществовавшей на европейском континенте более полутора тысячелетий, и заложив основания метафизики воли. Это, разумеется, не значит, что все корни традиционной онтологии были вырублены сразу. Категорию субстанции, так же как и понятие бытия, мы встречаем у многих философов Нового времени, но трактуются эти понятия часто иначе, чем в той традиции, историю которой мы попытались вкратце проследить.
In the article, the author shows that both in theology and philosophy the nominalism initiates that tendency, which has expanded in the modern time, and which can be called a voluntative one as far as it emphasizes the priority of will to reason, faith to knowledge. The nominalism implemented perhaps the most radical turnabout in the history of thought since the time of the ancient classics, destroying the fundamental prerequisites of the metaphysics of being, which existed on the European continent for a millennium and a half, and laying the foundation of the metaphysics of will. This, of course, does not mean that all the roots of the traditional ontology have been cut down at once. We can find the category of substance as well as the concept of being in the works of many philosophers of the Modern time, but these concepts are often treated differently than in the tradition, the history of which we have tried to briefly trace.
In the article, the author shows that both in theology and philosophy the nominalism initiates that tendency, which has expanded in the modern time, and which can be called a voluntative one as far as it emphasizes the priority of will to reason, faith to knowledge. The nominalism implemented perhaps the most radical turnabout in the history of thought since the time of the ancient classics, destroying the fundamental prerequisites of the metaphysics of being, which existed on the European continent for a millennium and a half, and laying the foundation of the metaphysics of will. This, of course, does not mean that all the roots of the traditional ontology have been cut down at once. We can find the category of substance as well as the concept of being in the works of many philosophers of the Modern time, but these concepts are often treated differently than in the tradition, the history of which we have tried to briefly trace.
Библиография