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Biological Determinism and the Christian Perspective on Free Will

Опубликовано: 09 января 2025

Автор

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Будникова Ольга

Аннотация. This essay presents an interdisciplinary exploration of the problem of free will through the lenses of the philosophy of mind, empirical sciences, and Christian theology. The author examines the concepts of freedom and determinism, drawing on the ideas of Robert Kane, Robert Sapolsky, Sam Harris, Jacques Monod, Jakob von Uexküll, and Frans de Waal, comparing them with a Christian perspective rooted in the works of St. Maximus the Confessor and expanded by 20th-century theologians such as Hans Urs von Balthasar, Karl Barth, John Meyendorff, Georges Florovsky, and John Zizioulas. The paper proposes a synthetic Christian view of free will as an ontological property of being with an eschatological dimension, defined by the interplay of natural and gnomic will. Particular emphasis is placed on contemporary discoveries in neuroscience and biology, which contribute to the theological understanding of free will.
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